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IBR-Inverter Based Resources

☐ 48. When AI Loads Don’t Talk to Each Other, The Grid Listens Anyway What happens when three data centres, each training advanced AI models, ramp their power consumption independently: • No operator coordination • No dispatch signal • No grid visibility?



☐ 47. Synchrophasors, PMUs, and WAMS – Definitions and Testing



☐ 46. Inverter-Based Resource (IBR), Oscillations, and Grid Reliability



1. Establish production IBR (Inverter Based Resources) voltage ride through monitoring



2. Establish power quality production headend

3. Establish notification capability from foundation PI to incorporate trend and event from SEL-735



4. Establish IBR voltage ride through monitoring capability for key IBR hub. Define acceptable ranges and reporting caden for harmonics, transients, and VSSI (Voltage Sag Swell and Interruption)



5. GPC (Grid Performance Center)

6. DPF (Distribution Power Flow) estimate validation



7. Sensing and Control Initiative - integrate advanced operation situational awareness and control of assets.

8. Harmonics is an electrical engineering problem that may lead to increase maintenance/replacement cost of substation assets such as capacitor bank, breakers, and transformers.



9. MV-90 Utility Meter Software is Itron's meter data collection and processing application. MV-90 communicate to SEL-735 by knowing SEL-735 meter ID, MID (meter IDentifier), TID (Terminal Identifier)



10. SEL AcSelarator read factory setting of SEL-735, Power Quality and Revenue Meter

General Setting
Metering Setting
Events and Logging Setting
Time of Use Setting
SelLogic
Communication

SEL-735 Load Profile acquisition rates
3 to 59 sec, 1 Minute, 2M, 3M, 5M, 10M, 15M, 30M, 60M
COI (Change Over Interval) Energy usage are always recorded as change over interval



11. APM (Analytic Platform Modernization)

12. DSP (Data Science Platform is Dataiku)

13. DW (Data Warehouse)

14. HMI (Human Machine Interface)



15. RTAC (Real Time Automation Controller)

16. TIM (Translator Interface)

17. SER (Sequence of Event Record)

18. TPORT (Telnet Port) Port 23 is the default for Telnet



19. IPADDR (IP Address)

20. DEFRTR (Default Router)

21. SEL 5051 (client) / SEL 5052 (server) Network Management System

22. SEL 5035 AcSelarator diagram builder



23. Spectra Distribution Power Flow, show real time voltage, current and power flow on state of distribution network even there is no sensor installed for telemetry.

24. Landis + Gyr owner of Command Center View

Quadrant 1: PF is lagging, meaning the load is inductive (e.g., motors, transformers).
Quadrant 2: PF is leading, meaning the load is capacitive (e.g., capacitor banks).
Quadrant 3: PF is lagging, similar to Quadrant 1 but in the negative power region.
Quadrant 4: PF is leading, similar to Quadrant 2 but in the negative power region.

Source: LinkedIn Post

I want to show the connection of fundamental principle about current leading the voltage in a sine waveform of a near perfect capacitive circuit. This time the connection is to leading power factor (p.f) as shown in a generator capability curve.

When you switch on or connect capacitors bank to improve the power factor to near unity power factor or 99.99% p.f. , you are importing VAR (KVAR, MVAR).

Utility operator uses the term VAR support (meaning they are going to switch on the capacitor circuit breaker). The leading power factor remember derives its meaning from current leading the voltage if you graph the voltage and current waveform.

Negative power factor (- pf) is usually associated to inductive load exporting power and lagging power factor

Positive power factor (+ pf) is usually associated to capacitive load and importing power and leading power factor.

In power load flow analysis the power leaving the bus voltage node is associated to lagging power factor and designated by negative power factor (- pf)
while the power entering the bus voltage node is associated to leading power factor and designated by positive power factor (+ pf).

The reactive power is needed to maintain the alternating magnetic flux in order to create and maintain induced voltage and current to make voltage transformation possible. Explain why?

25. Spectra DPF store its calculation in EMAP database

26. Real time Spectra DPF direct input in its calculation engine are voltage source, transformer and regulator voltage or tap position, and capacitor state.



27. DTP (Distribution Topology Processor). DTP determine the energiztion status of each device by phase.

28. LA (Load Allocation) is another DPF preprocessor. Its job is to compute/estimate the load allocation for non-telemetered. LA uses sensor data to estimate the load. The sensor comes from real and reactive power, apparent power and power factor, voltage, current and power factor, ampere and current direction.



29. SCM (System Configuration Manager)

30. DPF is automatically executed in seconds. The default setting is 600 sec or 10 minutes. If the Network Model does not have the required data to support automatic DPF calculation. Then you disable the DPF.



31. Network model extraction process and EMAP database update is too long then the ADMS, Advanced Distribution Management System needs more troubleshooting.

32. SOM (Switching Order Management) response time is unacceptable needs more troubleshooting.



33. OMS (Outage Management System)

34. APR (Advanced Pattern Recognition)

35. CBM (Condition Based Monitoring)

36. URP (Utility Required Profile) inverter configuration Profile setting file



37. IBR Ride Through for voltage interruption, power loss ; IBR voltage sag ride through clearing fault; IBR overvoltage ride through clearing fault

38. ASD (Adjustable Speed Drive) motor drives causing voltage sag.

39. VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) motor drives causing voltage sag.

40. openSEE (System Event Explorer); openMIC (Meter Information Collector); openXDA, (eXtensible Disturbance Analysis)

41. Most utilities can expect a significant increase in the BEHIND THE METER customer adoption of solar panels, electric vehicles, and batteries over the coming years.



42. The International Energy Agency (IEA) calls behind-the-meter DERs “largely invisible” and says this opacity makes it nearly impossible for grid operators to monitor and integrate these resources into their grid operations.

43. without visibility, it can be difficult for utilities to identify the source of grid disruptions, including voltage visibility and control issues, back-feeding, and protection and control coordination issues.



44. Duck Curve Simulator - source: Doug Millner, NERX Power Consultant



45. Assessing Inverter-Based Resources Modeling Gaps in Commonly Used Short-Circuit Programs

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